The Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles and the Human Impact on Essay

The Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles and the Human Impact on These Cycles - Essay Example Carbon cycle is regularly done at whatever point a hydrocarbon fuel or oil utilizes oxygen for ignition to run a motor of a vehicle or a facotry hardware. Like breath, during ignition the carbon and hydrogen substance of fuel are scorched to yield water and carbon dioxide as items radiated to the climate. These items just as the vitality discharged by the exothermic response are then consumed by the plants so the last figures out how to create its own food as photosynthesis happens with the assistance different supplements other than the food gave via carbon dioxide. These plants subsequently produce oxygen over into the air and have starches, shaped out of utilizing carbon dioxide and water, with its put away vitality to be utilized by the living life form by and by. When enduring happens, phosphate cycle starts when the inorganic materials containing phosphorus and phosphate particles in certain sea salts or rock residue are shipped to land. Plants in the long run take them in and are moved to herbivores upon utilization and these herbivores might be eaten further via predatory creatures with the goal that the last are likewise bestowed a portion of phosphorus or phosphates. At the purpose of death, they are taken back to soil by the decomposers that feed on rotting bodies with phosphorus and these materials may come back to the sea or be reconstituted into the stones by methods for run-off water.

Marketing strategy for Swatch Original watches in Vietnam

Advertising procedure for Swatch Original watches in Vietnam Mission statement Pattern (Swiss + watch) is a well known brand of the Swatch Group. In Vietnam, one of the primary product offerings of Swatch is the Original family which focuses on the youthful Vietnamese (matured, 18-25). As of late, the brand faces wild rivalry as well as new chances. In this manner, this report expects to acquaint a methodology for Swatch with increment the brand personality, deals volume and keep up client dependability in Vietnam showcase. Wrist watches industry in Vietnam: Back ground: Because of the constraint of accessible information, it is hard to account the quantities of wrist watch marks in Vietnam advertise. In any case, as indicated by a casual source, it is accepted that there are around 400 brands have been recorded. They are grouped to eight levels (site): Mass market Mid-end showcase US$150 - 300 Premium market US$1.000 10.000 Low market US$10 50 Upper mid-end showcase US$300 - 500 Too premium market >US$10.000 Lower mid-end showcase US$50-150 Very good quality market US$ 500 1.000 Center fragment: (US$50 - 150) At present, Swatch Original watches address in lower mid-end level, with the evaluating change from US$60 - 80 (site) Players in lower mid-end showcase include: Casio, Endura, Guess, Ogival, Seiko, Swatch, Titan, Roamer, etc㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦. In any case, Casio is the fundamental contender of Swatch on the grounds that these organizations focus on a similar portion, the youthful Vietnamese with social butterfly way of life. Organization and items: Sample Area is one of 19 brands which have a place with the Swatch Group. This brand is well known for watches that using plastic lodging, lash, etc㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. with new and cool plans. Statement of purpose: In spite of the fact that Swatch hasnt declared its statement of purpose, it is accepted that the brand understood strategic to offer minimal effort, high caliber and exact watch with manufactured material (site) Items: Sample has 5 product offerings named: Skin, Irony, Original, Beat, Bijoux, in which the Original family is structured as energetic, clever and bright. Dispersion: Pattern watches are circulated in Vietnam generally through Trading Development Company Limited (TDC Ltd.), the approved wholesaler of Swatch. Following that, TDC Ltd. uses 6 retail outlets (shop-in-shops, stores) and its site to convey watches to clients (site). Be that as it may, the site of the seller is poor created. The site gives poor substance in small organization. There are little subtleties of Swatch watches determinations and the costs of the greater part of the items are inaccessible to check. Casio Casio Company Co. Ltd. is a celebrated organization in customer hardware field. Casio watches are planned as both computerized and simple watches. Statement of purpose: Casio Watches accept the excellence of time lies in accuracy with no trade off, no shades of dark and no half measures. Its everything about precision and control (http://www.thewatchhut.co.uk/casio-watches.htm). Items: Casio has 13 distinct brands that target diverse fragment. Among these, Casio Standard is contender of Swatch Original. Casio Standard: This is the essential scope of Casio watches. The ideas driving Standard are advanced watches that are tough, long lifetime battery and moderate cost. Casio standard objective low to bring down mid-end showcase with the estimating fluctuate from US$35 - 80 (site) In general, in regards to included capacities, strength and battery lifetime, Casio watches are increasingly serious against Swatch (figure). Circumstance examination: Inner condition investigation: Unmistakable assets: The Swatch Group is the world biggest watchmaker company. Having a place with the Group, there are 156 creation habitats which are responsible for delivering watches and watch segments (site). Besides, there are 6 electric parts and frameworks companies(website) which take reaction for assembling car, mechanical gadgets. Together, these organizations structure an arrangement of interrelated qualities chains, so every piece of Swatch watches are delivered with high similarity and high caliber. Then again, the Swatch Group has 6 general corporate organizations (site) which have practical experience in RD, planning, etc㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦. In this manner, Swatch watches are probably going to be refreshed with the most recent advances and structures. Elusive assets: Thinking about marking, it is one of the most significant resources of the Swatch Group. Right off the bat, the Swatch brand is notable in numerous spots around the world. Also, there is a strong notoriety for the brand as Swiss made watches and cool plan watches. Exceptional selling recommendation: By and large the organizations impalpable and substantial resources add to three select focuses: The brand notoriety for quality and imaginative structures Capacity to deliver a huge range of various watch assortments Capacity to create and execute new advancements and new materials in observes Outer condition investigation: Political: Vietnam is a nation which tails one-party political framework, with the focal job of the Communist Party. This substance is accepted to stop quite a while of inner clashes and for the most part conductive to political solidness. Nonetheless, with respect to wrist watch organizations, there is little help from the administration, the tax on imported watches is generally high (20% imported duty) looks at to different countries (5% imported expense in Philippine) (site). Monetary: In the course of the most recent decade, Vietnam is a standout amongst other performing economies on the planet. Genuine GDP has developed on normal by 7.3 percent every year during 1995-2005, arrived at 90.64 billions US$ in 2008. In 2010, GDP of the initial nine months is anticipated to increment by 6.52% when contrasted with a similar period a year ago (Vietnam key nation file WB). Considering the GNI per capita, it rose twofold from US$ 390 out of 2000 to US$ 910 out of 2008 (Worldbank). As the economy keeps on developing, Vietnam has moved from most unfortunate nation rundown to bring down center pay bunch in 2010, with normal pay per capita arrived at an expected US$ 1.200. (Service of arranging and industry) Shopper Confident Index of Vietnam stays in the top score gatherings (fourteenth out of 50) in the principal half 2009 (figure). Moreover, Vietnamese clients demonstrated an incredible hopeful about future possibility, with the pattern went upward from 85 focuses in the principal half 2009 to 109 focuses in the second 50% of that year (figure). Along these lines, it is sure to state that Vietnamese will spend more in the following year. By and large, it is accepted that Vietnam financial is as yet developing energetically in 2011 and clients are all the more ready to buy extravagance items as they are getting wealthier. Along these lines, there are generally high potential for wrist watch request in the following year. Social: Populace Vietnam is one of the biggest populace nations on the planet (positions 13), with the creation of populace arrived at 87,279,754 of every 2009 (Worldbank). Among that, 20% of the all out populace is at age 15-24 in which there are roughly 1.45 million guys in Ha Noi city and Ho Chi Minh (Nielsen). The quantity of youthful females is generally equivalent to youthful guys. Way of life: Vietnamese adolescents (matured, 15-24) are recognized in three classes: Regular (48%), In-betweens (27%) and Uber present day (23%) (Nielsen). Customary gathering is constrained in social movement and conventional qualities though the Uber present day is increasingly individual and has appeal for social and shopper action. Then again, the in-betweens typify a mix of the Regulars day by day schedule and Uber moderns attitude. Consequently, there is an enormous hole between how the three youth bunches incline toward items highlights. Normal: they are traditionalist purchasers who search for built up brand watch. They incline toward sturdiness, items capacities and incentive over expense. In betweens: they are stylish and carefree who search for comparable qualities as the Uber present day, be that as it may, their shopper movement is relatively lower. Uber current: they are outgoing person, excited who search for cool watches which can mirror their style. They are likewise drive purchasers. Ways to deal with the youthful Vietnamese: (see more detail in informative supplement B) The primary concerns that Swatch ought to consider are: Top notch items Innovative structures observes Creative promoting efforts Innovation: As of now, the most striking innovation pattern in Vietnam is correspondence innovation. It is assessed that before the finish of September 2010, there was 142.1 million of PDA supporters. Then again, in 2010, the quantities of web clients was 26.6 million (Ministry of arranging). Among the structure of web clients, a huge part is youthful Vietnamese. It is accounted for that 88% of matured 15-24 Vietnamese (in HN and HCM) utilizes web more than once per day. Also, Vietnamese youth show extraordinary intrigued to digital exercises, with 49% of those studied by TNS Vietnam had reacted that they occupied with interpersonal interaction (TNS). Then again, a great deal of Vietnamese youths are additionally TV client, as the examination of TNS brought up that one of youngsters fundamental exercises is sitting in front of the TV and film (TNS). Taking everything into account, TV and web are potential correspondence channels to move toward Vietnamese youthful age. Nonetheless, phones represent an intentional danger to wrist looks as they are structured with clock abilities too. SWOT investigation: Qualities: Pattern watches esteem apparent is high among youthful clients For quite a while, Swiss watchmakers have worked for their watches a strong notoriety of value and unwavering quality which have been experienced by various Vietnamese. Through for the most part verbal, youthful Vietnamese have been significantly impacted by this discernment. The innovative and creative appearances The Swatch watches of the Original family have for quite some time been supported for its plan. Bering just portrayed by plastic lodging and trap, those items can come up in huge range of various styles from the new and cleverness of Gent to the dandy and womanliness of Lady. Wea

Apply for Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Apply for Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Students  can  apply online now for the  2014 Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowships competition! The Pickering Fellowships help talented students     highly motivated and academically excellent college juniors and graduating seniors or college graduates who want to pursue a Foreign Service career in the U.S. Department of State. We invite you to share this information with individuals who may be interested in either the Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship (for undergraduate students) or the Pickering Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowship (for graduate  students). The programs provide: Up to $40,000 annually for academic expenses, covering the last year of undergraduate study and first year of graduate study (Undergraduate Fellowship); or the first and second year of graduate study (Graduate Fellowship) Two paid State Department summer internships (domestic and abroad) Professional development through workshops and informational seminars Mentoring by U.S. Foreign Service Officers Eligibility requirements at the time of application: Undergraduate applicants: college junior or equivalent Graduate applicants: entering a two-year terminal masters degree program in the fall of the Fellowship year Minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.2 (4.0 scale) United States citizenship Undergraduate Fellowship Application deadline:   January 24, 2014 Recommendations deadline: January 31, 2014 Graduate Fellowship Application deadline: February 7, 2014 Recommendations deadline: February 14, 2014 Funded by the U.S. Department of State,  the Pickering  Programs  honor Career Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering, one of the countrys most respected Foreign Service Officers. The goal of the programs is to attract outstanding students from all ethnic and social backgrounds who are dedicated to representing Americas interests abroad. Women, members of minority groups historically underrepresented in the Foreign Service, and students with financial need are encouraged to apply to one of the two programs. The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, which administers the Pickering Fellowships, identifies and develops leaders and institutions to meet the nations most critical challenges.

Dead Poets Society Essay - 657 Words

1. Compare and contrast the leadership styles of Mr. Keating and Mr. Nolan. Mr. Keating’s leadership style is supportive because he shows concern for his students well being and needs. He has a charismatic attribute which helps inspire some emotion and passion in his classroom which is a big change of character that Welton Academy students are used to. Mr. Nolan has more of a directive leadership style because he has strict guidelines that he wants to teachers and student to abide by. He has a lot of power being the Headmaster of Welton, and he is always trying to control behavior so that rules are always being followed. Everyone in the school knows better than to mess with Mr. Nolan. 2. Is Mr. Keating successful as a leader?†¦show more content†¦Mr. Welton has the mentality of â€Å"If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it† and a successful leader must be willing to adapt to change over time. 4. What is the source of Mr. Nolan’s power over the boys? Mr. Keating’s? Mr. Nolan’s power that he has over the boys is legitimate power because he is the headmaster of the school. This type of power inflicts fear on the students, as well as teacher’s. The students know that Mr. Nolan has the power to kick them out, call their parents, and even punish them with a couple smacks on the rear end with a wooden paddle. The power that Mr. Keating has over the boys is respect. The boys respect Mr. Keating because he was a student at the school and they see the way he turned out to be. He gives the boys a hope to be something different and that the world is what they want to make it, not what Welton Academy says it is. 5. Compare John Sculley and Mr. Nolan’s concept of motivation to that of Steven Jobs and Mr. Keating Mr. Nolan and John Sculley’s concept of motivation is more conformity than anything else. They feel that they must influence the behaviors and beliefs of others. They strongly believe that one must always follow rules or laws, or any standards that are socially accepted. On the other hand Mr. Keating and Steve Jobs believe that people should have a voice for themselves. They encourage diversity and welcome change which provides a healthy atmosphere for people. â€Å"Seize The Day† really says it all in thisShow MoreRelated Dead Poets Society - The Message of the Dead Poets Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesDead Poets Society - The Message of the Dead Poets    Teachers are wonderful heroes. In the movie, Dead Poets Society the teacher/hero is John Keating, played magnificently by Robin Williams. The film takes place at a small preparatory boys school (Welton Academy) in the late 1950s. The story follows the lives of a group of students and the way that Mr. Keatings teachings influence them. He encourages the boys to become freethinkers and to live life for the moment. The message hallowedRead More Dead Poets Society Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesDead Poets Society Dead Poets Society Hysterical Text One person’s interpretation of a story is always different than another’s. Some of us may see things that are not being shown to us. Dead Poets Society, in author Tania Modleski’s eyes has taken on a manifestation larger than the author herself. This story is not what the author will have you believe, whereas the true story was hidden in the misconception of Modleski’s beliefs. The sexual content, homoerotic tensions, and antiauthoritarianRead MoreThe Death Of The Dead Poets Society1284 Words   |  6 Pagesdepression. Something similar to this takes place in the film Dead Poets Society. In this film a character named Neil is prohibited from pursuing his goals of becoming an actor by his father. This results in at least one argument found in the film. In fact, three arguments can be identified in Dead Poets Society. One argument found in Dead Poets Society is that Mr. Keating should not have told the boys about the Dead Poets Society. This is supported when the boys (Neil, Todd, Knox, Charlie,Read MoreEvaluation Of Dead Poets Society1450 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluation Over Dead Poets Society The film Dead Poets Society came out in 1989, and is a film about events taking place in a boys boarding school in the 1950’s. The film stars Robin Williams in one of his first non-comical roles. The movie’s primary focus is exploring the teacher/student relationship. In Dead Poets Society, Robin Williams character, Mr. Keating, endeavors to develop the young men’s passion for music, literature, and art. He also longs to encourage the young men to Carpe Diem, whichRead MoreThe Film Dead Poets Society1446 Words   |  6 Pagesfilm Dead Poets Society came out in 1989, and is a film about events taking place in a boys boarding school in the 1950’s. The film stars Robin Williams in one of his first non-comical roles. The movie’s primary focus is exploring the teacher/student relationship. In Dead Poets Society, Robin Williams character, Mr. Keating, endeavors to develop the young men’s passion for music, literature, and art. He also longs to e ncourage the young men to Carpe Diem, which is Latin for Seize the Day (Dead PoetsRead Moredead poets society Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesAn individual’s interaction can indeed enrich or limit one’s experience of belonging, as belonging is one of the essential needs of any human being. Belonging can be seen in the prescribed text of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, Peter Weir’s Dead Poets Society Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, where the central characters are driven by their need to belong or not belong which is ultimately stimulated by the world people around them. The Crucible is based on the Salem community foundRead MoreEssay on Dead Poets Society1090 Words   |  5 PagesDead Poets Society Many poets and directors believe in the concept of living life to the fullest. In this quote, by Sir Henry David Thoreau, he shows that we should live life to its fullest and make sure we make our mark while we still can, so people remember us. In the Movie, Dead Poets Society, a group of students from the Welton Prep School are moved by the teachings of their English teacher, Professor Keating. He teaches the boys to be their own boss, leaders and not followers. ThisRead More Dead Poets Society Essay738 Words   |  3 Pages Literary Essay – Dead Poets Society amp;#9;Bill Beattie once said, amp;quot;The aim of education should be to teach us how to think rather than what to think – rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with thoughts of other men.amp;quot; All too often, however, individual thoughts are crushed by the powerful weight of conformity. In the film Dead Poets Society, conformity exercises it’s influence and the results prove disastrous for someRead More Dead Poets Society Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pages Dead Poets Society Scene where Knox Overstreet is on the telephone to Kris. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Knox Overstreet played a fair part in the film Dead Poets Society. One particular scene that Knox was in was the phone conversation with the girl he loves, Kris. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The scene starts with Knox at the telephone. The camera closes in on his face and his fingers dialling the telephone. The camera stays on his face as the phone rings and awaits a pick up. When Kris picksRead MoreDead Poets Society Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesexploring the scenes from the movie, we can see just how important the lessons were that Mr. Keating was trying to teach his students. As he reminded them to seize each day and cherish them as their last. We appear to live in a society that advocates the opposite. Today’s society, everything seems to be about speed. Theres fast food, online dating, voice dialing, and faster internet. Faster internet allows us to participate in more social networks and build meaningless relationships with as many people

Things You Wont Like About Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce and Things You Will

Things You Won't Like About Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce and Things You Will To make sure you pass your exam on the very first attempt, be certain to include practice tests in your FTCE test prep. FTCE practice tests are an excellent method to boost your confidence and ensure you're all set to pass the exam. Subject area FTCE tests are suggested for anyone working with middle or higher school educators that are hoping to specialize in a specific subject. FTCE exam practice tests can allow you to gauge how prepared you are for the actual test. What Is So Fascinating About Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce? You always intuitively understand once an intriguing essay idea is really the ideal idea for you. Bear in mind that business essays will need to cover the topics and issues that exist in the actual world rather than something hypothetical. The simplest way to influence the kind of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. The Key to Successful Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce Many brilliant individuals who achieved success in life proved actually academic drop-outs. Just since there is a continuous ban on a product doesn't signify it can help the men and women who already understand what using cigarettes is like. The problem is there are so many men and women that are still smoking. Choose from popular topics that folks are passionate about. The Death of Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you should be in a position to hit the question and supply a straightforward answer while at the exact same time observing the proper structure of an essay. An essay is quite a bit more than only an amazing thesis statement, a couple paragraphs in its entire body and a conclusion. Aside from the true procedure for formulating an essay, there are likewise some requis ite steps for the entire essay writing process to be a success. Your essay should consist of recent statistics and data from reliable sources. The Nuiances of Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce After finding the very best topic to write about, the author should come up with a way to evidentially support their ideas by utilizing the essential word count. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. For skilled certification, candidate should hold bachelor degree with specialization in the required field. As soon as you have interviewed the person of interest, make an outline. New Ideas Into Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce Never Before Revealed Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. Topics can change depending on your majors. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. Free essay papers offer you great benefits of the students . The very first step to any essay writing is to select a subject of interest. 1 important thing you ought to do when writing your essay is to allow it to be personal. When it has to do with writing a descriptive essay you may want to take a look at a few outlines to guarantee you understand how to effectively structure your argument. Writing an excellent persuasive essay is not a simple task, however, it's achievable. The introductory paragraph should also have the thesis statement, a type of mini-outline for the essay. An essay outline can help you organize the total structure of your essay. Don't worry, receive a completely free full essay, which can work as a guide to finish your assignments. To structure an essay, you must simply stick to the above mentioned format. Business essay sample is a beneficial bit of writing for students who don't understand how to compose a business essay. It's therefore important to cautiously consider different college essay topics. Analysis essays are known to be among the hardest to write. An analysis essay is a type of persuasive essay. The Dirty Facts on Samples of Topic Essay for Ftce Why making selfies can help improve your self-confidence. Evidently, the entire essay writing procedure is very time intensive and tedious. If you're able to observe patterns of words or phrases in your incorrect choices together with your correct choices, you will enhance your odds of passing the actual test. There are two major things which need to be completed in the practice of business paper writing. Its products are ensured start-from-scratch originals. It is a good idea to look for the one which has a very good reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable prices. So the overall grade for the paper might differ based on that.

HR Dissertation †Iconicity and hubris Free Essays

string(44) " a desirable vision of iconic architecture\." Abstract This paper outlines the importance of iconicity and hubris in the context of modern architecture. Significant applications of the phenomenon identified as Starchitects and their contribution to developing a new mode of architecture are presented in this study. The main objective of the study is to explore the failures of iconic buildings created by Starchitects, by focusing on various aspects including economical and political, social and ethical, and environmental and evolutionary. We will write a custom essay sample on HR Dissertation – Iconicity and hubris or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to meet these research objectives, the researcher uses non-empirical research method in the sense of collecting relevant information from secondary resources. The most important conclusion presented in the study is that iconic buildings are perceived as egocentric representations of the improperly constructed ambitions of Starchitects. Chapter 1: Introduction In the 21st century, global developers have demonstrated their strong willingness to use the potential of Starchitects in order to create monumental buildings. The boom of Starchitects in modernity can be explained with the rapid process of globalisation as well as economic progress and development (Marshall, 2000). Designs of such architects are usually perceived as iconic dominated by extensive visibility and unique characteristics that contribute to the appeal of these buildings. It has been argued that the use of Starchitects is an innovative way to expand tourism in different sites across the world. The design of prestige buildings around the world has been marked by the simple idea to make a difference in producing specific landmarks for cities (King, 1990). The motives for the establishment of particular landmarks adhere to the specificity of Starchitects who are a product of their sponsors and organisations, which actively seek to present continuous innovation in the architec tural field. Different examples of iconic buildings can be found globally, such as the Imperial War Museum North (2002) based in Greater Manchester, UK, and the Seattle Central Library (2004) based in Washington, US. Similar buildings have been highly criticised since the time of their construction. This implies the existence of controversies surrounding some of the most famous buildings around the world especially at modern times. Perceived as an attitude, modernity can coexist with traditional architectural patterns. Modernity is mainly concerned with transformation of the present and tries to ensure such an aspect in emblematic buildings. Modern architectural patterns as evident in the pieces created by Starchitects implement the latest in composite materials and composite structural technology (Marshall, 2000). Accordingly, the growth of the cities has generated the needs for the incorporation of all the elements that define a developing civilisation, allowing them to seek out identity in the infrastructural resources that are found within them and their capability to communicate with others and represent themselves in international entrepreneurial matters (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). While the development of the architectural landmarks creates the possibility of increasing the tourism attraction to the sites, expositions and events are necessary to highlight and showcase these developments thus creating a means of investment for the local authorities and foreign investors. The main aim of the study is to provide a relevant understanding of the aspects of iconicity and hubris as applied to the work of Starchitects. The following objectives have been outlined for the study: To outline the economic and political failures of iconic buildings; To discuss the impact of social and ethical failures of iconic buildings; To present environmental (urban natural) failures of iconic buildings; To explore the relevance of evolutionary perspectives Chapter 1 is introduction and sets the context for the present study. Chapter 2 is the literature review providing adequate information relating to the explored topic in the thesis. Chapter 3 outlines the research methodology used in the study. Chapter 4 consists of research findings, discussion and analysis of findings. Chapter 5 concludes the study and provides specific recommendations pertaining to the main research questions and objectives. Chapter 2: Literature Review Three important subject matter terms identified in this thesis are Starchitects, iconicity and hubris. A Starchitect is referred to as an architect who is quite famous as a result of the high-profile creations being presented by him or her to the public (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). Iconicity is a term relating to the specific characteristics of an icon or something emblematic in the context of architecture (Glendinning, 2012). Hubris indicates a high level of self-assurance and thus is identified as extensive pride or self-confidence. In a book by Glendinning (2012), the focus is on the pitfalls of global modernism demonstrated in the creation of various architectural buildings globally. The main argument introduced by the researcher is that architecture has been apparently spectacularised, which has led to alienated architectural pieces and individuals. It has been indicated that the so-called iconic buildings have insignificant social and historical integrity, implying that the aspect of iconicity has been replaced by triviality that shows inappropriate identified architectural objectives (Jacobs, 1961). The type of iconic buildings created by famous Starchitects has expanded criticism in recent years, as outlined by Glendinning (2012). These buildings have been presented as competing for attention on the skyline and in the mass media. Similarly, Sudjic (2005) indicates doubts in the authenticity and properly intended purpose of iconic buildings. Moreover, researchers have considered iconicity as a distinct type of architectural tourism, which reflects in buildings intended for urban travel destinations (Specht, 2014). Kent (2010) implies that architecture’s status has been changed from iconic to extraordinary in the process of exploring architectural buildings’ effect on a sense of place. Such a sense has been explored by Rybczynski (2008) with a focus on the Bilbao effect or the Bilbao anomaly representing a costly iconic failure. The Bilbao effect, as shown in an article by Martin (2013), creates controversies and thus the researcher presents a warning about the perceived negative impact of Starchitects’ iconic buildings on local cities and states. Iconic architecture has been identified as a substantial failure, as argued in an article by Romaniuk (2010). The author of the research has presented convincing arguments relating to the manipulation of the mass media trying to create a desirable vision of iconic architecture. You read "HR Dissertation – Iconicity and hubris" in category "Essay examples" Such manipulation is evident in emotionally charged architectural projects including the Freedom Tower for Ground Zero (Romaniuk, 2010). It has been argued that the decline of belief and the extensive growth of pluralism have led to the emergence of iconic buildings that are unable to fulfil the objectives of authentic iconography (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). In addition, the legitimacy of identifying particular buildings as iconic can be judged with time, disregarding the mass media’s projected implications of successful architectural buildings solely based on sociological and financial profitability. Based on the maj or studies presented in the literature review, it can be concluded that buildings should be constantly assessed in terms of the values with which they are associated. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The type of research methodology used in this study is non-empirical research design, which is suitable to explore the relationship between iconicity and hubris. Arguments are based on evidence and credible opinion provided in secondary resources (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2006). The major aspect relating to non-empirical research is the focus on data previously gathered by researchers in the field of architecture rather than gathering a new set of data. This research framework is often associated with the purposes of humanities and natural philosophy. One of the most important elements of this type of research methodology, as applied in the present study, is review of existing literature as the focus is to provide sufficient arguments in order to accomplish the previously stated research objectives (MacNealy, 1998). The systematic review of existing literature on the subject implies not only prior knowledge and adequate research skills but also ability to use a distinct form of meta- analysis in an attempt to reach conclusions which are important for the study. It has been noted that non-empirical research analysis suggests a significant amount of varying interpretations of the information obtained from secondary resources. A strong sense of intellectual inquiry is essential in this type of research because the process of acquiring knowledge is accomplished through valid critical and analytical interpretations of the research material (MacNealy, 1998). In fact, it is important to emphasise on the reinterpretation of consolidated information on the issues of iconicity and hubris within the new framework presented in this study. Thus, critical reflection is part of non-empirical research analysis, which is demonstrated in the present research. There is a solid focus on propositions for theory relating to the iconic dimensions of modern buildings across the world (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2006). The development of a particular approach to the present study is a well-structured process that starts with the identification of a focal issue, in pa rticular the exploration of iconicity and hubris including their impact on the perception of emblematic buildings created by Starchitects. Once the first step outlined in the research approach is completed, it is important to move into a direction of identifying key forces contributing to a better interpretation of the research problem. The researcher is expected to postulate such driving forces as well as to present the factors that have been considered the most significant for the completion of the research (Deleeuw et al., 2010). In addition, it is anticipated that systemic logic should be used to present critically the major arguments obtained from secondary resources. The final step of the presented research approach is to submit the entire research to critical consideration (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2006). It can be concluded that the acquisition of non-empirical knowledge can facilitate the process of obtaining relevant information, which would further expand the research to a new stage in the sense of providing an adequate answer and explanation to the research question. Chapter 4: Research Findings Discussion and Analysis of Findings The main research findings obtained from the critical evaluation of secondary resources are grouped in different subsections of this chapter in order to focus on emerging aspects relating to iconicity and hubris in a more direct manner. Economical and Political Instances/ Cases of Failure A significant research finding demonstrated in this study is that of the impact of creating iconic buildings on the economy. Specific cases indicating hubris refer to Calatrava and Valencia, as Valencia has been recognised as a city of arts and sciences. Starchitects’ sense of hubris is evident in these cases and comes to show that architecture has entered a new mode of development. Although praised by some and rejected by others, the emblematic buildings created by Starchitects imply a substantial amount of efforts invested in presenting the philosophy of iconicity in architecture (Glendinning, 2012). According to Martin (2013), the opening of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao serves as a relevant example of how iconicity has been used as a substantial indicator to measure the direct impact on the economy. It can be suggested that the creation of iconic buildings around the world, such as in locations in Saudi Arabia, Australia, Albania and Brazil, has raised the question of th e perceived economic effect of similar activities (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). The dimension of commercialisation cannot be disregarded, as the sole motivating factor behind the so-called iconicity and hubris can be found in the idea of generating substantial profits from architectural tourism, which is dominated by emblematic building. Another essential aspect can be also indicated in terms of considering Starchitects’ intention to fill vast spaces, but this tends to create a negative effect among some individuals. According to researchers, the hostage of international mega events is one of the most powerful tools that a city can use for show-casting of resources and development, as well as the development of architectural identities that have come to be defined within the industry as ‘destination images’ (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). In this context, specific contemporary events have come to be synonymous with commercial rivalry between cities as well as the transnational environment, as different regions struggle to attract more investors and consumer spending. In light of this, with the increase in pressure for the cities to expand their entrepreneurial stance as they aim at increasing their attraction to mobile capital, the cities have to make considerations on their investments. It would be less economical for them to carry out development if they are not going to realise monetary gain after the renovations. Strong competition is existent within most of today’s cities-th e competition being amongst the city investors themselves as well with other cities that may wish to host different events and expositions that are aimed at increasing the economic wellbeing of the region. For this reason, the completion of iconic buildings by Starchitects has increased from the regional and local scenes, stemming into international and global scales and requiring the integration of the political, social and infrastructural frontiers (Glendinning, 2012). Accordingly, the growth of the cities has generated the needs for the incorporation of all the elements that define a developing civilisation, allowing them to seek out identity in the infrastructural resources that are found within them and their capability to communicate with others and represent themselves in international entrepreneurial matters (Martin, 2013). While the development of the architectural landmarks creates the possibility of increasing the tourism attraction to the sites, expositions and events ar e necessary to highlight and showcase these developments thus creating a means of investment for the local authorities and foreign investors. For the most part, the mere presence of a beautiful square or a religious monument within a city cannot be enough for the modern city. In order to gain recognition as a modern city of the 21st century, a large portfolio of architectural development projects is necessary so increase the output, aesthetics and general appeal of the city to the outside world, as it is illustrated in the case of iconic buildings (Glendinning, 2012). The portfolio includes various strategies that are used by the local development councils in increasing the architectural resources found within the premises as well as the input by multinational organisations within this development in lieu of the rules that are used by Starchitects. As growth is experienced in today’s cities, individuals can witness how similar design implementations are used in different cities, with transformations of the existent architectures aiding in the provision of superiority and identity (Marshall, 2000). The last two decad es have seen the rise of the ‘megacity’ phenomenon, with small scale and often ‘off the grid’ cities being uplifted to city stardom through the regeneration of existent architectures and the inclusion of socio-cultural events around the creation of these resources. As global cities develop, cultural and communal events have been moved to these venues creating a sense of appreciation for their existence and a need for their improvement. Another finding that emerged from the research is that iconic buildings are perceived as a powerful tool to redefine the economical and political image of cities and countries in which they are constructed (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009). The economic impact of these buildings has been extensively considered in order to present adequate conclusions about the state of regional economies. It cannot be denied that the presence of many iconic buildings in different locations across the world has improved the economic well-being of residents. Based on the results obtained from conducting non-empirical research, it can be argued that there are both cases of economical and political successes and failures associated with the construction of iconic buildings. This finding is confirmed in a research by Reutskaja and Nueno (2009) who provide evidence of the positive impact on employment in the region due to the emergence of iconic buildings and the essential element of hubris attached to them. The construction of such buildings is directly linked with the creation of a substantial number of jobs in different countries as well as greater contribution to the local government budgets in terms of taxes and duties. Another positive economic impact is related to additional employment in manufacturing processes for organisations that are responsible for the construction of iconic buildings. However, the negative economic effects of the erection of emblematic buildings should not be ignored (Rybczynski, 2008). For instance, a significant economic drawback is associated with the higher fees that are usually charged by Starchitects, indicating their egocentric factors of motivation used in the construction of similar buildings. A consideration of the challenges of cost estimations and over-budgeting should be considered in order to determine the precise economical and political impact of iconic buildings. Social Ethical Instances/ Cases of Failure The representation of iconic buildings has been also linked with specific social and ethical implications. There are extensive examples that indicate hubris of the involved Starchitects. These are Zaha Hadid’s Qatar Stadium and Patrik Schumacher’s rant at 2014 architecture biennale. It appears that the mentioned buildings carry out the ‘pride’ of their creators in terms of involved efforts to make a lasting impression on the public. Moreover, it has been discovered that the aspect of public alienation is among the main factors contributing to the increasing social and ethical instances of failed iconic buildings. Starchitects have been identified as losing their appeal because they have consistently adhered to the philosophy of constructing architectural buildings of excess (Glendinning, 2012). As a result, it frequently appears that architectural design of certain buildings around the world is dominated by excessive elements, which create an irrelevant per ception among people. The present study also indicated that architecture is in a new era of development in the sense of focussing on the possibilities that technology has to offer. Yet, this raises the question whether such modern architecture succeeds in serving the needs of humanity (Kent, 2010). The answer to this question is complex considering the multiple effects created by the specific line or mode of architecture followed by Starchitects. However, it can be stated that architecture apparently emerges as an art that cannot be avoided by any means. An ethical instance of failed iconic buildings is related to the morality and controversy of such pieces of modern architecture. For example, Patrik Schumacher was accused of being motivated by an aspect identified as ‘misguided political correctness’. It has been argued that architects should try their best not to confuse architecture and art. A relevant finding revealed in this context is that architecture is actually found in charge of the specific form of the built environment (Glendinning, 2012). It is important to emphasise that one of the major duties of architects in contemporary society is to deliver a strong aspect of social justice. However, it should be indicated that Starchitects’ works have raised a series of ethical and moral concerns (Martin, 2013). In Qatar, migrant workers died at a stadium which is currently under construction, as this intensifies social anxiety and fear relating to the purpose and means utilised by Starchitects in their egocent ric representations found in modern buildings. It has been claimed that architects are not responsible for the death of these migrant workers, but the question of the moral and ethical parameters of such iconic buildings still remains persistent in the minds of individuals. Environmental and Evolutionary Instances/ Cases of Failure Evolutionary Perspectives The issue of discussing Starchitects’ hubris reflects in numerous examples, such as Lloyds building and Calatrava Valencia. The main aspect that was revealed in the study from an environmental perspective is that of the creation of defective masterpieces of architecture. It can be argued that such architectural creations have been resulted of the over-ambition of Starchitects (Glendinning, 2012). The example of Lloyd’s of London as anticipating leaving its iconic headquarters clearly illustrates the assumption of environmental failure. In fact, it has been indicated that the major problem with this building is its exposure to the elements making it an extremely costly structure (Martin, 2013). Cases of failure like this one point out that the technological advances of modern architecture have outpaced the simple ability of Starchitects to adeptly utilise them. The failure of emblematic buildings to meet strict functional requirements is indicative of their inappropriat e environmental impact. Another example of a failed iconic building, as seen through the environmental lens, is seen at Calatrava’s City of Arts and Sciences complex in Valencia. Only eight years after the completion of this project, certain parts of the construction started falling off. Such an instance of architectural failure confirms major findings outlined in the literature review section regarding the failures of contemporary iconic buildings (Reutskaja and Nueno, 2009; Romaniuk, 2010). The research findings indicated that both architects and developers are extensively focussed on erecting icons, but the results frequently turn out in a negative direction. The ambitions of Starchitects seemed to have contributed to the emergence of inappropriately maintained pieces of architecture in modernity (Romaniuk, 2010). In this sense, it can be argued that the architectural fabric is completely disregarded by Starchitects. Yet, a main problem created with iconic buildings is that they often produce one-lined response, which has become rather problematic for the entire functioning of the cities where these buildings are situated. Assessing the environmental impact of iconic buildings is a complex process relating to the interrelations of factors such as place, function and history (Rybczynski, 2008). Based on the research findings outlined in this study, it is important to state that iconic buildings have completely changed their status in the sense that people more and more start abandoning the idea of iconicity attached to similar pieces of modern architecture. The negative environmental impact of emblematic buildings cannot be ignored in the discussion of the ambitions of Starchitects and how those ambitions reflect in the buildings constructed by them. Changing the status of Starchitects’ buildings from iconic to extraordinary one is indicative of the way the public has altered its perceptions regarding the contributions of modern-day architects. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations This paper explored the implications of iconicity and hubris relating to architectural pieces created by Starchitects. Numerous aspects associated with this issue have been thoroughly investigated to include different perspectives and instances of hubris, such as economical and political instances of failure, social and ethical instances as well as environmental instances of how the concept of iconicity in modern architecture has been unsuccessful. It has been concluded that these architectural creations are merely economically and socially disruptive egocentric representations of the irrelevant ambitions manifested by Starchitects. The study illustrated how these emblematic constructions built by Starchitects have presented main failures with long-term social and ethical implications (Glendinning, 2012). As a result, it was demonstrated that the creations of Starchitects cannot be perceived anymore as iconic, as the aspect of iconicity has been simply replaced by so-called extraordi nary dimensions of perceiving similar buildings (Martin, 2013). The research method used in this study referred to the framework of non-empirical research analysis, which has been found suitable to meet the study’s main aim and objectives. This type of method allowed for greater flexibility in exploring specific concepts related to the impact of iconicity and hubris on the development of modern architecture (Sudjic, 2005). Moreover, the study identified that architecture has entered into a new stage of development with both positive and negative aspects that should be discussed thoroughly to understand the specific impact of Starchitects’ ambitions (Glendinning, 2012). However, certain limitations can be identified for the present study. The major limitation refers to the use of non-empirical research method. Instead, the researcher could have utilised empirical research method that could have contributed to achieving greater credibility and reliability of research findings (MacNealy, 1998). Another limitation relates to the specific literature that has been selected for obtaining results. Broader literature could have been used to cover the main arguments illustrated in the study (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea, 2010). In terms of recommendations, it is essential to note that the explored subject is quite complex and thus requires the implementation of multiple perspectives to understanding the wide array of impacts relating to the architectural works of Starchitects. Thus, it is recommended to conduct an in-depth primary research involving modern architects from different countries, as they can provide insightful suggestions regarding the development of a modern era in architecture (Glendinning, 2012). This recommendation also indicates a solid focus on including suggestions for future research in the field in order to bring the topic of iconicity and hubris of architectural buildings to new horizons of research exploration (Martin, 2013). A potential subject that may be investigated in a future research refers to people’s opinion on the impact of iconic buildings for the long-term development of their cities. References Deleeuw, J., Meijer, E. and Goldstein, H., eds. (2010). Handbook of Multilevel Analysis. Santa Monica, CA: Springer. Glendinning, M. (2012). Architecture’s Evil EmpireThe Triumph and Tragedy of Global Modernism. London: Reaktion Books. Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House. Kent, F. (2010). Toward an Architecture of Place: Moving beyond Iconic to Extraordinary. Project for Public Spaces [online]. Available at: http://www.pps.org/reference/toward-an-architecture-of-place-moving-beyond-iconic-to-extraordinary/ [Accessed on: 18 Oct. 2014]. King, A. D. (1990). ‘Architecture, Capital and the Globalization of Culture’. Theory, Culture and Society, vol. 7, pp. 397-411. MacNealy, M. S. (1998). Strategies for Empirical Research in Writing. London: Longman. Marshall, R. (2000). Emerging Urbanity: Global Urban Projects in the Asia Pacific Rim. London: Spon Press. Martin, J. (2013). The Bilbao Effect: If You Build It, Will They ComeThe Economist [online]. Available at: http://www.economist.com/node/21591708/comments [Accessed on: 18 Oct. 2014]. Reutskaja, E. and Nueno, J. L. (2009). ‘Starchitects, Emblematic Buildings and Their Effects on Urban Economics’. IESE Business School, University of Navarra, pp. 1-20. Romaniuk, O. (2010). Failure of Iconic Architecture. Living Space [online]. Available at: http://www.livingspace360.com/index.php/failure-of-iconic-architecture-12484/ [Accessed on: 18 Oct. 2014]. Rybczynski, W. (2008). When Buildings Try Too Hard. The Wall Street Journal [online]. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB122731149503149341 [Accessed on: 18 Oct. 2014]. Specht, J. (2014). Architectural Tourism: Building for Urban Travel Destinations. Wiesbaden: Gabler. Sudjic, D. (2005). Can We Still Believe in Iconic BuildingsProspect Magazine [online]. Available at: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/ [Accessed on: 18 Oct. 2014]. Yanow, D. and Schwartz-Shea, P., eds. (2006). Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn. New York: M. E. Sharpe. How to cite HR Dissertation – Iconicity and hubris, Essays

Pierre Auguste Renoir free essay sample

Pierre Auguste Renoir Renoir has so many eye pleasing works of art!! It would definitely be considered impressionism since he was one of the leaders of the impressionism movement in 1841. Renoir uses a kind of paint that stands out and shows how the lighting is highlighting the people or the other images in the painting. I would say that his work is kind of in between. The paintings have a lot of meaning but they represent what he wanted to see not just what he saw. He used friends, family, and lovers as the focus of several of the paintings as well as using the rivers and other scenes of Paris. I was really impressed with the deep detail in the faces of the individuals in his paintings. They were very detailed and showed emotions. Then the flowers and other things in the background and foreground were also detailed but were not as detailed where they popped out like the faces. We will write a custom essay sample on Pierre Auguste Renoir or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After doing some research I was left very impressed with Renoir’s paintings. They show passion and emotions that words really cannot describe. The intense details in his paintings really show that he was doing something he wanted to be doing and enjoying every minute of it. In each painting Renoir uses a main focus point that he puts so much detail into just to make you feel how he felt as well as how the surroundings around the scene were. I was really evoked by the intense color and the way he used lighting in each individual painting. After looking at the paintings given from the link I was curious to see what else I could find from his fabulous collections. I must say I really enjoyed Renoir’s paintings and would love to find a couple of his pieces (at least duplicate) to place in my home for decoration. I honestly would not make a very good art critic other than to tell you if I like or dislike a piece†¦ But in Renoir’s case I will say that each and every piece from his collection is every form of pleasing to the human eye!!