Effects of Raising the Head of the Bed on Reducing Ventilator-acquired Research Paper

Effects of Raising the Head of the Bed on Reducing Ventilator-acquired Pneumonia - Research Paper Example From this discussion it is clear that some of the problems associated with VAP include; lengthy hospitalization, increased mortality rate ranging from 20%-70% ,depending on the patients’ medical condition, rise in hospital cost of health care ranging from $5,880 to over $20000 for every incidence. VAP makes up to half of all cases of nosocomial pneumonia incidents with nearly 50% of all antimicrobial agents administered in ICU for treating VAP. Studies show that manipulating the patient’s position by raising head of bed plays a crucial role in preventing VAP. Besides helping the intubated patient to assume certain positions of comfort, elevating the head of bed plays the modest role in lowering risk of ventilator –acquired pneumonia. This essay declares that raising head of bed is seen as the cheapest preventive measure for VAP that must be adopted in ICU and any other hospital unit nursing intubated patients that require a long hospital stay to recover. It is le ss costly to employ such type of preventive measure than to wait for the infection to occur then treat it. Critically ill patients have compromised respiratory function; hence VAP will worsen their conditions leading to poor patient outcome. Exploring on the effect of raising the head of the bed on reducing ventilator-acquired pneumonia reveals more than just the art of positioning, but also the scientific rationale behind it. This study seeks to dig up existing information on the importance of patient positioning in preventing respiratory complications during hospitalization. The main purpose is to find out the effect of raising the head of the bed on the cases of VAP. Understanding the effects of raising head of bed as a way of preventing VAP help nurses to achieve patient satisfaction, increased quality outcome and shorten the period of hospitalization.

The differences between reading content area material and literature Essay

The differences between reading content area material and literature - Essay Example The reading of the content areas is mainly divided into three parts. The students draw upon a prior experience or knowledge about the text, during reading they identify with the text and after reading they make interpretations. The strategies of the teacher depend on the activities of the students. (Literacy matters, n.d.). The appropriate strategies of the teachers are as follows: The content materials have a different structure than the other varieties of texts. If the preview of the structure is provided to the students beforehand with headings and sub-headings, pictures and captions then it will benefit the students to understand the nature of the text beforehand. A teacher can discuss these features before beginning starting the lesson. Before starting a new lesson, it will be beneficial for the students if the teachers give an idea of the concepts present in the lesson. The teachers should enquire the students about their knowledge of the subject, which will help in the flow of teaching. Various techniques like the Concept mapping can be used to know the prior knowledge of the students about the subject. The content readings have a high level of vocabulary, which has to be made familiar to the students. The meaning of the new words should be clearly explained to the students. (Abromitis, 28th July, 2009). Reading literature is of great importance because it is through reading of literature that the student learns to view the thoughts and actions of the character compassionately. It develops a sense of emotion in the minds of the reader. Therefore, reading of literature is of utmost importance. The appropriate strategies of teaching literature are as follows: The teachers may teach the whole literature through creating mini lessons about the text. It will be easier for the students to relate to the bigger picture and form a generalized idea about the text. This strategy is helpful for both the